Journal: Brain and language

Article Title: Bilingual children access multiplication facts from semantic memory equivalently across languages: Evidence from the N400

doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104679

Figure Lengend Snippet: Grand average ERPs (n = 28) to correct (solid lines) and incorrect (dotted lines) solutions when operands were presented in LA+ (black) and LA− (red). X-axis is time in milliseconds with 0 marking the onset of the solution. Y-axis is voltage in microvolts with negative plotted up. Electrodes plotted here are arranged as indicated on the head plot above. Robust N400 correctness effects are seen for both languages. There were no significant differences across languages after the N400 time window.

Article Snippet: Noise induced by the amplification and digitization system are reduced by buffer amplifiers contained within the electrodes (BioSemi ActiveTwo, BioSemi B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands) allowing for measurements of potentials from the surface of the skin with high electrode impedances.

Techniques:

Journal: Brain and language

Article Title: Bilingual children access multiplication facts from semantic memory equivalently across languages: Evidence from the N400

doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104679

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative electrodes showing grand average ERPs (n = 28) to correct (solid lines) and incorrect (dotted lines) solutions separately for LA+ (black) and LA− (red) The representative electrodes plotted here are indicated by “X”s on the head plot (top center). Below the ERP traces are topographic (isovoltage) maps of the correctness effect (incorrect – correct) for each language between 300–500 ms after solution onset. Between the topographic maps is a strip chart reflecting the mean amplitude differences for each individual participant, averaged across all electrodes, for LA+ (black dots) and LA− (red dots).

Article Snippet: Noise induced by the amplification and digitization system are reduced by buffer amplifiers contained within the electrodes (BioSemi ActiveTwo, BioSemi B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands) allowing for measurements of potentials from the surface of the skin with high electrode impedances.

Techniques: Stripping Membranes

Journal: Brain and language

Article Title: Bilingual children access multiplication facts from semantic memory equivalently across languages: Evidence from the N400

doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104679

Figure Lengend Snippet: Word Picture Verification task. On the left, grand average ERPs (n = 24) shown at the medial parietal electrode time-locked to picture onset. Congruent (solid lines) and incongruent (dotted lines) items were preceded by spoken nouns in L1 (blue) and L2 (green). It should be noted that L1 and L2 do not necessarily correspond to LA+ and LA−in all individuals. Robust N400 congruency effects are seen for both languages with no differences in the size of the effect across languages. The distribution of the N400 effect, shown on the right as isovoltage maps, reveals the typical broad, but slightly more frontal distribution for pictures.

Article Snippet: Noise induced by the amplification and digitization system are reduced by buffer amplifiers contained within the electrodes (BioSemi ActiveTwo, BioSemi B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands) allowing for measurements of potentials from the surface of the skin with high electrode impedances.

Techniques: